Topic Four (1.4): Planning and Conducting Investigations

Introduction

The foundation of modern science is that we gain reliable knowledge about our world, by testing ideas rigorously through experiments. So, understanding how to make such rigorous and reliable tests is a vital skill. It requires very careful planning, operation, and observation, with really rigorous checking, including skills in considering and assessing all the unexpected things that might affect results.

In this topic you will learn or revise the key concepts of the experimental question, independent, dependent and control variables (and how to manage these), appropriate instruments and data recording procedures, and measures (steps taken) for accuracy and safety. Take time to learn all this clearly and thoroughly.

Tasks

Complete the following:

READ – Planning and Conducting Experimental Investigations Download READ – Planning and Conducting Experimental Investigations

  • Make some brief notes in your own words to summarise this information.
  • Keep referring back to this document and your notes, particularly when you prepare for each of your Core Practicals.

WATCH – The Scientific Method Explained (YouTube) Links to an external site.

WATCH – Designing an Experiment (YouTube) Links to an external site.

WATCH – Asking Questions and Defining Problems (YouTube) Links to an external site.

WATCH – Planning and Carrying Out Investigations (YouTube) Links to an external site.

WATCH – Analysing and Interpreting Data (YouTube) Links to an external site.

WATCH – How to Prepare for Questions on Practical Experiments (YouTube) Links to an external site.

 Top Tips

Make sure that you understand the following key points:

  • When planning or assessing an experiment, run through a checklist to make sure you are clear on the key elements: The experimental question, how to handle independent, dependent and control variables, accuracy and safety, results tabulation and analysis (including plotting and analysing graphs).
  • Be able to identify the independent, dependent and control variables.
  • Recognise or draw a risk assessment.
  • Be able to draw a table with correct column headings and correct measurement resolution for all results.
  • Use the equation for the experiment – rearrange it in the form LaTeX: y=mx+cy=mx+c in order to find which quantity to put on the LaTeX: xx and LaTeX: yy axes.
  • Be able to draw a graph to find a straight line and calculate the gradient of that line.

Key Terms

Add the following key terms with definitions to your word list:

  • Experimental question
  • Independent variable
  • Dependent variable
  • Control variable
  • Gradient
  • Risk assessment

Assignment

When you have completed all the activities and are fully prepared and feel confident with the material, you should complete Assignment One and submit it to your tutor via Canvas for marking and feedback.