Module One

MUSSOLINI’S ITALY: POWER AND GOVERNMENT, 1919-41 (PAPER 4)

Introduction

This module should be read in conjunction with the Programme of Study.

The Programme of Study lists the topics that are in the module and gives you the relevant page references to your course book. This module aims to give you more direction as you work through the various topics. It will aim to highlight the most important items in the topic, as well as areas that need particular care. It will also point you towards the resources you should be using.

Remember to double-check the syllabus to make sure you cover all the items that you need to.

Module Overview

It was in Italy that the first of the post-war fascist dictatorships was established. The strains on the economy and society produced by the First World War and post-war economic fluctuations created tensions and reactions to which the political and constitutional systems were ill-adapted to respond, leaving scope for 'direct' action justified by the restoration of order and national pride.

You need to understand these underlying causes of Mussolini’s rise to power, and to judge how effectively he strengthened and maintained control. You must also analyse the aspirations and success of his administration and foreign policy.

Topics

Topic One (1.1): Problems Facing Italy After the First World War

Topic Two (1.2): Problems of Democratic Government

Topic Three (1.3): The Appeal of Fascism

Topic Four (1.4): Reasons for Mussolini’s Appointment as Prime Minister

Topic Five (1.5): Mussolini’s Aims in Government and His Leadership

Topic Six (1.6): Establishment of a Dictatorship, Repression of Opposition

Topic Seven (1.7): Use of Propaganda

Topic Eight (1.8): Aims and Impact of Foreign Policy