Introduction

You need to understand the stages by which Mussolini gained power between 1920 and 1922.

These are:

Read and Make Notes

Read pages 114 to 115 in European Dictatorships 1918-1945 and make notes on the topic under the headings above, to construct an overview.

Tasks

1. Why did the King let Mussolini have dictatorial powers?
2. What were Mussolini’s motives for creating the ‘Myth of the March’?

Watch

Now watch the following video:

WATCH – Mussolini Becomes Prime Minister (Khan Academy)

Reflect

Look at this list of reasons for the rise of the Fascists (1920-22). Can you add any others?
Can you explain each and support with a specific example?
- Disgust in Italy at the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain;
- The Fascists represented a means to stop the socialists and the communists;
- Mussolini was backed by wealthy industrialists and landowners;
- Support from Pope Pius XI and the Vatican;
- Lack of faith in Italy’s institutions;
- Economic issues;
- After the March on Rome, the King offered the post of Prime Minister to Mussolini;
- Intimidated opponents;
- The complicity of the police and the army.
Then try to group into bigger themes – we suggest:
- The strengths of the Fascists;
- The weaknesses of Liberal Italy by 1922;
- The support of Italian elites;
- The impact of the First World War.
Which do you see as most crucial? Explain why.
Which factor does this conclusion prioritise?

Plan an answer to the following question: ‘How far do you agree that Mussolini became Prime Minister in 1922 because the Fascists could offer strong government?’ (30 marks)
See possible factors in the following document:

Stretch Activity

Summarise the argument here: